Concepts:Beginnings of Modern American Democracy,Princeton Review Ch.10

        As we know the founding fathers had established a Constitution that "protects" U.S. freedom. With the new rules and political views, congress was made to divide political jobs such as Presidents (use yo be voted only by electoral votes,mostly white men). As elections continued, by 1824 fewer people were voting. John Quincy Adams was running against Andrew Jackson in which he received the greatest and electoral votes. None of the candidates received a majority of votes so it was up to the House of Representatives to decide who is president. The congressional caucuses had chosen the candidates and some individuals felt that it was unfair to have a group in congress choose candidates, they should demise of the caucus system. Adams ended up winning at the House of Representatives because Henry Clay( speaker of the House and candidate) spoke for his favor. Clay became the secretary of State and was often called a "corrupt bargain" because secretary of state usually lead to presidency. Compare to Adams, Jackson had more supporters that believed in states rights (federal government) rather than improving the central government as Adams plan was. He was rejected from creating new tariffs, federal schools and highways. Later on as Jackson became President after Adams one term, through out his campaign the Coffin Handbill was public. Theses pamphlets attacked Jacksons wife, but his campaign( democratic party) won. As Jackson entered his presidential job, he terminated several government officials exchanging then with his political supporters. This replacement is called the "spoil system". Jackson became really known and was often called the period of Jacksonian democracy interchanging Jeffersonian democracy period of time for a political philosophy. Through out Jackson presidency nullification became a huge problem to the United States because it meant that a State has the right to reject a federal "unconstitutional" law. The judicial review was only to be held by the supreme court to recognize if a law was unconstitutional.  Jackson spend most of his presidency lowering the federal government and empowering the office of presidency; he neglected the reforms movements that called to support against social and economic problems. The Second Bank of the United States had gone wrong with the economical problems for funding federal funds to the state and he did not support it by arguing that it was unconstitutional. Jackson lowered the economy with the specie circular by paying th government with gold and silver.